Immunizations – Active and Passive

Posted on April 10, 2009
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There are two types of immunization: passive and active. The former works by introducing already-formed antibodies into the body. The latter involves injecting a weakened bacterium that encourages the body’s immune system to produce its own antibodies-this is why immunization can sometimes produce mild symptoms of the disease it is intended to protect against.

In the first five years of your child’s life, he will need several immunizations: three DTP injections, three polio immunizations (taken orally), one MMR injection and three Hib injections. Vaccines do not give instant protection against disease; they take up to four weeks to be effective. Give liquid acetaminophen to ease discomfort.

Immunization protects both individuals and whole communities from infectious diseases. Every child should therefore be properly immunized. Some parents are alarmed by stories about the side effects of vaccinations, but these are actually quite rare. Your child shouldn’t be vaccinated, however, if he has a fever or infection, or if he’s had a severe reaction to a previous dose of vaccine. Your doctor or child health centre will advise you.

PREVENTING TETANUS

There is a danger of tetanus with any deep wound. Tetanus bacteria and spores live in soil and manure, so dirty wounds are dangerous. The bacteria produce a poison that attacks the nerves and brain, causing muscle spasms, particularly of the face, hence the common name lockjaw. Patients always require treatment in the hospital. Immunization prevents tetanus completely. The first tetanus injection should be given before 12 months, with boosters at ten­yearly intervals up to a total of five doses. If your child has a dog bite or a deep, dirty cut and has not been immunized, he must have a tetanus injection right away at a hospital emergency room


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